Bout wi · Reference page · 3 minute

Source dem

Di book an paper dem behind di maths an di history.

Short ansa

ProbabilitymathsProbabilityDi chance fi a result, fram 0 to 1 or 0% to 100%. One numba: 1/37 = 2.70%.Read di whole ting → an gamblin maths follow Ethier an Epstein; di chi-square testlabChi-square testStatistical test weh compare di hit dem yuh see inna evry pocket wid di n/37 yuh fi expec. Dem use it fi judge if a wheel bias.Read di whole ting → follow Pearson; di history follow account fram di time an standard reference dem. Di figure dem bout ow live studio run come fram document weh operator an regulator publish.

maths
Ethier 2010 · Epstein 2013
statistics
Pearson 1900
history
Lablée 1801 · Barnhart 1992

Maths an statistics

  • Ethier, S. N. (2010). The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilistic Aspects of Gambling. Springer.
  • Epstein, R. A. (2013). The Theory of Gambling and Statistical Logic, 2nd ed. Academic Press.
  • Pearson, K. (1900). On the criterion that a given system of deviations from the probable… Philosophical Magazine 50(302).
  • Thorp, E. O. (1969). Optimal gambling systems for favorable games. Review of the International Statistical Institute 37(3).
  • Bollman, M. (2021). Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games: Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette. CRC Press.

Physics an advantage play

  • Bass, T. A. (1985). The Eudaemonic Pie. Houghton Mifflin.
  • Small, M. & Tse, C. K. (2012). Predicting the outcome of roulette. Chaos 22(3).

History

  • Lablée, J. (1801). La Roulette, ou le Jour.
  • Barnhart, R. T. (1992). Beating the Wheel. Lyle Stuart.
  • Wykes, A. (1964). The Complete Illustrated Guide to Gambling. Doubleday.

Ow live roulette run

Public technical standard fram di UK Gambling Commission an di Malta Gaming Authority bout live-dealer game an random numba generation; di specification dem weh manufacturer give fi professional wheel.

wi check it 2026-09-28model: European wheel, single zeroow wi work it out ↗source dem ↗